&lt;b&gt;Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia&lt;/b&gt;

Win Sim Tan,Nur Iadiah Mohd Saat,Martin Tyson,Chee Pheng Low,Nurul Aida Zawakhir,Eka Nadia Binti Zaidee Ee,Mufeng Voon,Song Horng Liang,Norazmi Bin Amir Hamzah,Salman Saaban,Azwan Bin Hamdan,Yugees Rao,Norhidayati Binti Khalid,Mei Mei Chow,Francis Cheong,Norolhuda Jamaluddin,Melvin Terry Gumal

doi:10.11609/jott.3519.10.2.11245-11253

<b>Observations of occurrence and daily activity patterns of ungulates in the Endau Rompin Landscape, peninsular Malaysia</b>

Win Sim Tan, Nur Iadiah Mohd Saat + Show 15 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3519.10.2.11245-11253

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Abstract

Camera trap data was used to study occurrence and daily activity patterns in the Endau Rompin Landscape of peninsular Malaysia during 2011, 2013 and 2015 to estimate Malayan Tiger Panthera tigris jacksoni population densities. By-catch data were also collected for seven ungulate species: Barking Deer Muntiacus muntjak, Bearded Pig Sus barbatus, Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Greater Mousedeer Tragulus napu, Lesser Mousedeer Tragulus kanchil, Malayan Tapir Tapirus indicus and Sambar Deer Rusa unicolor. Of these, Bayesian single-season occupancy analysis suggested that Barking Deer were the most widespread and Mousedeer spp. the least widespread during the study period. Bearded Pig, Malayan Tapir and Wild Boar were recorded in more than half of the camera trap area (Sambar Deer was excluded due to small sample size). Daily activity patterns based on independent captures in 2015 suggest that Barking Deer, Bearded Pig and Wild Boar are mostly diurnal, mousedeer species are crepuscular and Malayan Tapir strongly nocturnal.

Highlights

Of the 11 species of ungulates reported from Peninsular Malaysia (Francis 2008), 10 have been reported in the southern Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL)
Activity pattern This study provided insights into the daily activity pattern of ungulates on old logging roads and animal trails (Images 1–6)
Occupancy Proxy of vegetation cover using normalized difference vegetation index, measure of terrain ruggedness using digital elevation models, distance to closest roads as a proxy of human disturbance and habitat classification based on high-resolution satellite images are a few of the site-specific variables which can be incorporated into the occupancy analysis

Summary

Introduction

Of the 11 species of ungulates reported from Peninsular Malaysia (Francis 2008), 10 have been reported in the southern Endau Rompin Landscape (ERL). Bearded Pig and Malayan Tapir are listed as Totally Protected, and Barking Deer, Greater Mousedeer, Lesser Mousedeer, Sambar Deer and Wild Boar as Protected under the Wildlife Conservation Act (2010).

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Conclusion