Abstract
There is a lack of information about the effects of interactions among lime, phosphogypsum (PG) and fertilization on soil fertility and their effects on common bean yields in the tropics. This study aimed to determine the effects of annual application of PG and limestone and rates of fertilization on the chemical attributes of soil, fertilization efficiency, yield components and the grain yield of the common bean. The study was performed for three growing seasons in an acidic Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of lime, lime + PG, PG, and control (without corrective application) with four fertilization rates. In an acidic and low-fertility Cerrado soil, limestone or limestone + PG applied annually at 1/3 of the total rate in a no tillage system increased the common bean yield and the efficiency of the fertilization, although the improvement of the soil acidity indicators did not reach the desired levels. The application of soluble fertilizers to provide adequate and balanced amounts of nutrients provided greater yield gains and improved soil fertility compared to surface liming without fertilization, but the combination of the two practices resulted in the greatest benefits to both plant and soil fertility.
Highlights
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has great social and economic importance in several countries as an important source of protein
For soils from the Cerrado region, the application of phosphogypsum (PG) as a subsoil improver is recommended when, in the 0.20 - 0.40 m and 0.40 0.60 m soil layers, the aluminum saturation is higher than 20% or the Ca content is lower than 5.0 mmolc
When the research was planned, we intended to reach the base saturation of 70% in the 0 - 0.20 m layer, but the highest value we achieved was 53% in the 0 0.10 m layer
Summary
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has great social and economic importance in several countries as an important source of protein. Technology is not frequently used by dry bean farmers, resulting in a global average grain yield of only 866 kg ha-1 (FAO, 2014). There are reports of yield ranging from 3,023 to. 3,500 kg ha-1 (Nascente, Kluthcouski, Crusciol, Cobucci, & Oliveira, 2012). The common bean is a crop considered highly demanding of soil fertility due to the short life cycle and the superficial, underdeveloped root system. Correction of soil acidity and a balanced supply of nutrients are key factors in achieving significant increases in grain yield (Fageria, Baligar, & Jones, 2011).
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