Abstract
The antibacterial effects of ethanolic and aqueous crude extract of leaves of Newbouldia laevis were evaluated against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli isolated from ear infections. A concentration gradient of the ethanolic and aqueous extract (12.5 mg/ml – 100 mg/ml) was prepared and its effectiveness was tested by agar well diffusion method and nutrient broth dilution technique. The organisms tested varied in pattern of susceptibility but were more sensitive at high concentrations. The zone of inhibition of aqueous extract of Newbouldia laevis on test organisms ranged from 4.0 to 15 mm while the ethanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis on test organisms ranged from 6.5 to 21.00 mm. The comparative susceptibility of test bacteria to Newbouldia and ciprofloxacin showed that there was a significant difference in the antibacterial activity of leaf extract and the antibiotic standard. The MIC values ranged from 12.5 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml. The extract showed a higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, Bacillus spp and S. epidermidis. The result of the study suggests that the leaf extract of N. laevis has the potential and could be used as a source for new broad spectrum antibiotics to treat ear infections caused by test organisms.
Highlights
Ear infection is one of the most common diseases occurring throughout the world
Pseudomonas spp was the most sensitive 28mm followed by E. coli 26mm, S. epidermidis 25mm, S. aureus 23mm and Bacillus spp was least sensitive with 18mm
The results of this study have shown that N. laevis seem leaf extracts had varied antibacterial activity against the organisms tested
Summary
Ear infection is one of the most common diseases occurring throughout the world. About 65–330 million people suffer from ear infection worldwide and 60% of them have significant hearing impairment [1]. Beauv) seem is a medicinal plant that belongs to Bignoniaceae family. It is popularly known as the tree of life’ and African Border Tree’. Its local Nigerian names include Aduruku in Hausa, Ogirisi in Igbo, Akoko in Yoruba language, Kontor in TIV, Ikhimi in Bini and Ogiriki (Urhobo). It grows to a height of about 7–8 (up to 15) m, more usually as shrub of 2–3 m, many stemmed forming clumbs of gnarled branches [6, 7]. It is native to tropical Africa and grows on moist and well drained soils; extends from Guinea Savannahs to the dense forest zone
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