Abstract
Purpose: To study the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of a novel 3,9-peroxsesquiterpene-15-Oglucoside from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes, against HeLa cell line and selected strains of microorganisms.
 Methods: The rhizomes were macerated with methanol and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed together with chemical analysis of the fractions. The 3,9-peroxysesquiterpene-15-O-glucoside was purified through column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction, and its purity was determined via reversephase HPLC. Structural elucidation was done with Infrared (IR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) spectroscopic analyses.
 Results: The isolated compound exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal activities against S. aureus and C. albicans at concentration, respectively, in the range of 32 – 100 μg/mL, while MTT assay results showed the cytotoxicity of the compound against eukaryotic (HeLa) cell line (IC50, 88.32 μg/mL).
 Conclusion: The isolated metabolite from the methanol extract of C. rotundus rhizome exhibits bactericidal, fungicidal, and cytotoxic potential. However, further studies are required to ascertain its suitability for use as a therapeutic agent.
 Keywords: Terpenoids, Column chromatography, Spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Cyperus rotundus
Highlights
The contribution of natural metabolites to drug discovery is evident in the existence of numerous lead molecules of biological significance, like terpenoids, with interesting bioactivities
The highest amount of terpenoids was seen in the n-hexane extract, some terpenoids were detected in the ethyl acetate fraction
Results from FT/IR spectroscopic analysis showed a broad band at 3600 cm-1 (C-H stretching at 3030 cm-1; absorbance at 2890 and 2840 cm-1 [C-H stretching for aliphatic (-CH2 and -CH3)], and overtone at 2000–1700 cm-1
Summary
The contribution of natural metabolites to drug discovery is evident in the existence of numerous lead molecules of biological significance, like terpenoids, with interesting bioactivities. It is a known source of several metabolites, including novel terpenoids These metabolites are valuable in drug discovery due to their unusual biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties. The present study was carried out to determine the cytotoxic effect of extract of rhizomes of C. rotundus by investigating to identify isolated bioactive metabolites with promising antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials. 2 mg from the crude extract and the fractions from partitioning were dissolved in suitable solvent and subjected to TLC using Hex: EtOAc: Formic acid at volume ratio of 10:1:0.3 [8]. The presence of terpenoids in the crude extract and the sub-fractions was detected using the Salkowski method for essential oils [10] and Liebermann-Burchard reagent, followed by heating at 100 °C for 10 min [11]. Differences were reported as significant at p < 0.05
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