Abstract
Purpose : To evaluate the potential of active compounds derived from moss in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Methods : Three species of moss were extracted with deionized water at 95 °C, and with 70.5 % ethanol at 85 °C. Analysis of total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extracts were performed by Folin- Ciocalteu (FC) method. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined using three methods, namely, by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In vivo effects were evaluated in mice fed high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 20 % ground moss. Cholesterol levels in HFD were evaluated by ophthalaldehyde method. Serum triglyceride levels were measured using triglyceride (TG) kit, while blood insulin level and leptin concentration were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results : The moss extracts exhibited antioxidative effects, as evidenced of . TPC of 47.20 ± 11.20 to 119.87 ± 11.51 mg GAE/mg, respectively. ABTS scavenging activity was 1078.11 ± 18.95 to 2587.33 ± 46.19 μmol Trolox/mg, DPPH scavenging activity of were 42.11 ± 8.22 to 298.78 ± 20.02 μmol Trolox/mg, and FRAP value of 393.19 ± 24.64 to 1070.14 ± 17.92 μmol Trolox/mg, respectively. Mice fed with 20 % ground moss did not show any significant effect (p < 0.05) on visceral weight and blood lipid levels of HFD, while leptin concentrations reduced significantly to 4.74 ± 0.00 and 0.20 ± 0.00 ng/dL) relative to HFD alone (26.72 ± 6.53 ng/dL). Conclusion : Moss can potentially be used as an antioxidative ingredient, for the improvement of overall human health, suggesting that important medical benefits associated with moss consumption. However, further investigations are required to ascertain this. Keywords : Moss, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, insulin, leptin
Highlights
The trend of using natural ingredients for the personal health has attracted great interest of the consumer
The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (119.87 ± 11.51 mg GAE/mg) was observed for L. juniperoideum extracted with deionized water, while the lowest was T. kanedae extracted with 70.5 % ethanol
The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (2587.33 ± 46.19 μmol Trolox/mg) was observed for H. plumaeforme extracted with deionized water, while the lowest was T. kanedae extracted with 70.5 % ethanol
Summary
The trend of using natural ingredients for the personal health has attracted great interest of the consumer. LDL-cholesterol content was quantified by measuring absorbance at 650 nm using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer within 10 min, using deionized water as a control. The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (2587.33 ± 46.19 μmol Trolox/mg) was observed for H. plumaeforme extracted with deionized water, while the lowest was T. kanedae extracted with 70.5 % ethanol.
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