<i>In-Vitro</i> and <i>In-Silico</i> Alpha Amylase and Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Baicaelin

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose level in the body. It occurs due to the inadequate amount of insulin secreted in the body or resistance of insulin receptors. In the present study, Baicalein a flavone glycoside was evaluated for its effect on alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes using in-vitro assays by extracting respective enzymes from whole wheat and barley in combination with in-silico analysis. In-vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity and in-vitro alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity was performed using acarbose as a standard drug. The molecular docking study was performed using Schrodinger (Maestro V 11.5) software. The parameters glide score, Lipinski rule for drug likeliness, bioactive scoring and ADME properties were assessed in the docking study. Further, the antioxidant activity of baicalein was performed using DPPH assay, Nitric oxide scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity of baicalein was evaluated using the Brine shrimp lethality assay. The alpha-amylase assay performed showed IC<sub>50</sub> value of 48.40 ?g/ml for baicalein whereas alpha-glucosidase assay showed an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 16.03 ?g/ml. Baicalein shows the glide score of-5.565 with 5EOF and glide score of -5.339 with 5NN8 in the molecular docking study. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity and nitrous oxide scavenging activity were found to be 27% at 160 ?g/ml and 50.02% at 160 ?g/ml respectively. Based on further in vivo and clinical trials, baicalein may be used for the management of hyperglycaemia.