Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis , var. Kurstaki , known as Btk , was discovered in 1962 and named in 1970. In 1981, the first insecticidal crystal protein gene Cry1Aa1 was cloned from Btk , and it established the important position of Btk in the Bt research history. Since the first use of Btk formulations in USA in the 1960s, Btk has been formulated in many commercial insecticides including very well-known brand products, such as Dipel, Thuricides, Bactospeine, and Novabac which were widely used as bio-pesticides for control of lepidopteran pests. Over the years, a large number of studies have shown that Btk application on crops, home gardens, or for the control of caterpillars will not cause problems for humans and mammals. In the past decades, there was no detectable negative effect from the thousands of Btk applications and the safety record for Btk has always been very good accredited by EPA of the United States, Health Canada, WHO as well as many other departments.
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