Abstract

Introduction and objectives: Chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO) is often a complex entity to deal with through a percutaneous coronary intervention, and the clinical benefits of successful recanalization still remain uncertain. Most registries feature data in limited time periods and do not reflect the impact that specific dedicated programs have on recanalization. Our study evaluates the results of a CTO program on a long-term period of time. Methods: All patients’ CTOs treated with percutaneous coronary interventions at our center from 2002 through 2017 were prospectively included in the registry. The clinical, angiographic and procedural data were collected, and clinical follow-up was conducted. Three consecutive periods of time were considered for the analysis of temporal trends. Results: A total of 424 CTOs (408 patients) were included. In 339 patients (80%) the procedure was successful. The rate of success increased over time, from 57% in 2002-2006 to 87% in 2012-2017 (P = .001). The most important independent predictor of procedural failure was lesion tortuosity. After a median follow-up of 39.7 months, the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in success vs failed groups were 13.9% vs 24.7% (P = .015) and 3.6% vs 14.1% (P = .001), respectively. These were the independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality: chronic kidney disease, left anterior descending artery occlusion, and procedural failure. Conclusions: Our series shows a high rate of success in CTO recanalization, which has increased over the last few years due to greater expertise and improved program-specific technical advances. Several angiographic and procedural variables have been identified as predictors of failure. Successful procedures, especially on the left anterior descendent coronary artery, were associated with lower rates of cardiovascular mortality.

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