Abstract
The effect of crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) were evaluated on blood parameters, carcass traits, and broiler performance under heat stress (29-34°C). A total of 540 male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 12 diets with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 3, using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 15 chickens in grower (13 to 26 days) and finisher (27 to 42 days) periods. and 120, 220, and 320 mEq kg-1 DEB. The level of 21% CP increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at grower period (p < 0.05). In contrast, 20% CP level decreased BWG and increased FCR at finisher period (p < 0.05). Further, 20% CP level reduced blood sodium and blood electrolyte balance (p < 0.05). The highest blood electrolyte balance was achieved by DEB 320 mEq kg-1 diet (p < 0.05). Broiler response to DEB in heat stress depended on the age of bird, length of exposure to high temperature and CP level of the diet. Under heat stress (29-34°C), the 21% CP level at grower period and 17% CP level at finisher period improved broiler BWG and FCR.
Highlights
Nutrition and metabolism play an important role in the acid-base balance of broiler chickens (Borges, Silva, Maiorka, Hooge, & Cummings, 2004; Olanrewaju, Wongpichet, Thaxton, Dozier, & Branton, 2006) and eventually performance
The results indicated that the level of 20% crude protein (CP) increased carcass percentage (p < 0.05) but other parameters or traits were not affected by amino acid (AA) and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) levels
The results demonstrated that 20% CP level was significantly increased Hb concentration than 17% CP level (p < 0.05)
Summary
Nutrition and metabolism play an important role in the acid-base balance of broiler chickens (Borges, Silva, Maiorka, Hooge, & Cummings, 2004; Olanrewaju, Wongpichet, Thaxton, Dozier, & Branton, 2006) and eventually performance. Monovalent electrolytes, i.e., sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl−) are the key minerals, which consider as dietary electrolyte balance (DEB, Na+ + K+ - Cl-) Silva, Ariki, Hooge, & Cummings, 2003a), have the greatest impact on acid-base balance or pH of blood and tissues under heat stress (Borges et al, 2004). High temperature accomplish with negative balance of minerals led to broiler respiratory alkalosis, decreased feed intake and growth performance (Belay & Teeter, 1993). The birds under heat stress fed diets with DEB of around 250 mEq kg-1 showed better performance, well maintained blood physiological parameters [pH, HCO3, pCO2, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (H), lymphocytes (L), and H to L ratio] and blood nutrients
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