Abstract
The pericarp development of Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth was described to expand the structural knowledge of Sapindaceae fruit. Ovaries and fruits were analyzed with usual techniques in plant anatomy. Ovary is structurally similar and the occurrence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes varies between species. In S. communis, the samaroid schizocarp has proximal wings and distal cavities; in U. ulmacea, the fruit presents septicidal and septifragal passive dehiscence and each seed chamber presents a dorsal wing. The unistratified exocarp has long pluricellular, uniseriate and sparse trichomes in U. ulmacea. The mesocarp is spongy, parenchymatous and in S. communis it presents three distinguished regions. Dorsal, lateral and ventral vascular bundles are more developed in S. communis and fiber caps on the phloem in the lateral bundles have an important role on the mericarp separation. The endocarp derives from the adaxial meristem and its oblique and tangentially elongated cells become lignified. The wings originate from a more active meristem – at the ovarian edges – and by intense divisions of ovarian mesophyll in this region. Fruit of U. ulmacea can represent a transition state between the samaroid schizocarp formed by Serjania and the septifragal capsule produced by Cardiospermum.
Highlights
Lianas are important structural components and represent a significant part of the flora in tropical forests
The present study examined two species of lianas, which belong to Paullinieae, Serjania communis Camb. and Urvillea ulmacea Kunth, in order to provide detailed morphological and anatomical information regarding their fruit in development and enhance the knowledge about such organs in Sapindaceae
Vouchers of the species were deposited as taxonomic document at the Herbarium of State University of Maringá (Huem), registered by the numbers 11,741 and 11,743, respectively
Summary
Lianas are important structural components and represent a significant part of the flora in tropical forests. Studies concerning these species are few, specially, those describing the ontogenesis of their fruit. Biological Sciences native woody lianas from tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. Most species occurs in places of dense, opened or drought vegetation, like the Brazilian ‘cerrado’, at higher altitudes in ‘campo rupestre’ and coastal dune forests, as well as occurring in a large percentage of gallery forests. The primarily climbing habit, the presence of stipules, modified peduncles as tendrils and Maringá, v. 457-465, Oct.-Dec., 2014 nectariferous disk modified into four protruding glands include these genera within Cardiospermum and Paullinia, in Paullinicae (ACEVEDORODRIGUEZ, 1993; FERRUCCI, 2006) The primarily climbing habit, the presence of stipules, modified peduncles as tendrils and Maringá, v. 36, n. 4, p. 457-465, Oct.-Dec., 2014 nectariferous disk modified into four protruding glands include these genera within Cardiospermum and Paullinia, in Paullinicae (ACEVEDORODRIGUEZ, 1993; FERRUCCI, 2006)
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