Abstract
Machining by electrical discharges is a huge process for the machining of complex shapes in materials that are electrical conductors, in particular for those of high hardness, difficult to be machined by conventional processes. Its unique feature of using thermal energy to machine parts has been a distinctive advantage in the manufacture of moulds, dies, aerospace components, and surgical, and of course, it can be widely used in the industry of tooling in the manufacture of geometric features, such as, for example, cavities narrow and deep, grooves, thin-walled, and small corner radii. One of the materials that are widely machined by spark-erosion is the tool steel (ABNT M2, has good toughness, hardness and abrasion resistance being indicated for the manufacture of stamping dies. The present work describes experiments conducted on a modern machine eletroerosiva using the electrode-tool of electrolytic copper in the machining of parts from high-speed steel (ABNT M2 to investigate the effect of different fluid dielectric about the generation of microcracks and heat affected zone (HAZ). A review of the comparative shows that the surfaces machined with dielectric fluid “A” have low values in the length of the microcracks compared with the other fluids. In the meantime, the machined surfaces with the dielectric “B” have a lower density of microcracks.
Highlights
Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, was the first to discover, in 1766, the erosive effect of electric discharges
Further machining processes are recommended for the removal of poor surface layers in mechanical properties such as electrochemical machining (ECM) or even traditional machining processes such as polishing
Particular attention should be paid to the machined surfaces with the dielectric fluid A as they present lower values of microcrack length when compared to the others, reaching in some cases the base material;
Summary
Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, was the first to discover, in 1766, the erosive effect of electric discharges. A crater generated by the melting of the material on the cathode surface was observed (Ming & Fuzhu, 2009). Electro-erosion is a process that allows the machining of holes, grooves and surfaces, in more complex forms, in conductive materials, especially those that have high hardness that could not be manufactured by traditional machining processes (Izquierdo, Sánchez, Plaza, Pombo, & Ortega, 2009; Shuyang, Yumei, & Yan, 2011). In the processing of some products, these two aspects must be defined, measured and maintained within the specified limits
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