Abstract
ABSTRACT. Commercial breed has taken over the Algerian poultry production market which participated in the weakening of the village poultry farming, highly dominant prior to the 1980s. Fortunately, the dietary preferences of consumers, strongly participated in the preservation of the local animal breed diversity. In this context, the aim of this work was to study the growth performances and meat quality of 3 local chicken phenotypes versus commercial broiler chicken in the same breeding conditions in the region of Chlef in Algeria. A week after hatching, 4 randomly chosen samples of 30 chicks from each phenotype normal plumage free-range chicken (NPFRC), crested free-range chicken (CFRC), feathered tarsus free-range chicken (FTFRC) and commercial broiler chicken (CBC) were reared from the age of 1st until 8th week (slaughter age). The three local breed (FTFRC, CFRC and NPFRC) had the comparable body weight, but low (p < 0.05) to those of CBC. In terms of meat quality, the principal components analysis (PCA) and the analysis of variance showed that the free-range chickens were more interesting than the commercial broiler chicken very fat, especially the crested phenotype (CFRC), due to its very high protein 24.6% and very low fat content 1.20%.
Highlights
In the developing countries, the poultry production in rural areas is highly important as a major source of animal protein for the rural population (Hassaballah, Zeuh, Mopate, & Sembene, 2015)
According to the high determination coefficients (R2) showed by the four phenotypes (Figure 1), the body weight development was closely related to the age of birds
The difference in weight growth observed in this study was consistent with the works of Fotsa and Manjeli (2001), Gnakari, Beugré Grah, and Agbo Adouko (2007), Fotsa et al (2010) and Yapi-Gnaore et al (2011) who showed that under the similar conditions, the performances of local chickens were lower than those of broiler chicken, characterized by a better use of feed, and a better animal performance
Summary
The poultry production in rural areas is highly important as a major source of animal protein for the rural population (Hassaballah, Zeuh, Mopate, & Sembene, 2015). According to Sanka and Mbaga (2014a), the African countries are currently witnessing an increasing demand for local chicken meat and eggs, due to their nutritional quality and good taste compared to commercial strains. Nowadays the commercial breed as ISA strain have taken over the Algerian poultry production market, because the local chickens generally have a slower growth than commercial broilers. According to Silva, Plácido, Bento, Junnyor, and Silva (2015), in recent years, the seek of healthier food strongly affected the meat consumer eating habits; for all its sensory and nutritional quality, an increasing number of consumers are currently more interested in consuming free-range poultry products (Fanatico et al, 2006). Sonaiya and Swan (2004) revealed that the productivity of the scavenging chickens could be improved through the intervention in the management systems and the improvement of the amount and quality of offered food, and according to Nakkazi et al (2015), these chickens are likely to respond differently when subjected to different management and feeding systems
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