Abstract
The conversion of agroindustrial residues by microorganisms has been explored from fermentative processes to obtain several bioactive molecules. The objective of this work was to isolate and select filamentous fungi present in cassava liquid waste for the production of amylase, carboxymethylcellulose (CMCase), pectinase and xylanase using the same residue as induction substrate in fermentative processes. A total of 65 filamentous fungi were isolated and qualitative tests indicated that approximately 86% of these strains were able to produce at least one of the enzymes and 32% capable of producing the four enzymes. Fermentation assays in cassava liquid residue-containing medium showed 6 fungal lines as potential enzyme producers. The maximum activities of pectinase, xylanase, amylase and CMCase were respectively observed at 96 hours of fermentation by the strain by the strain Aspergillus sp. B5C; at 120 hours (163.6 ± 0.13 nKat mL -1 ), by Aspergillus sp. B4I; at 144 hours (99.8 ± 0.24 nKat mL -1 ), by Penicillium sp. B3A; and at 48 hours (55.5 ± 0.21 nKat mL -1 ), by Aspergillus sp. B4O. These results suggest that cassava liquid waste was source of filamentous fungi producing amylase, CMCase, pectinase and xylanase, as well as a promising alternative substrate for bioprocesses aiming the production of enzymes.
Highlights
Agroindustrial residues are secondary products of industrial and economical activities and stand out as potential raw materials for the generation of high value-added products such as microbial proteins, organic acids, ethanol, enzymes and biologically active secondary metabolites (Alexandrino, de Faria, de Souza, & Peralta, 2007; Ferreira-Leitão et al, 2010; Oliveira, Vendruscolo, Costa, & Araújo, 2016)
The main biological sources of enzymes are filamentous fungi, especially the genus Aspergillus for which was reported the production of cellulase, pectinase, amylase, lipase and others enzymes under culture in many different agroindustrial residues, such as wheat bran, paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse, manioc peel and coffee husk (Cruz et al, 2011; Gusmão, Ferraz, Rêgo, Assis, & Leal, 2014; Kanimozhi & Nagalakshmi, 2014)
Knowing that microorganisms used in enzyme production tests can be obtained from natural sources, in which, the desired enzymes must act, the objective of this work was to isolate and select filamentous fungi from cassava liquid waste for the production of hemicellulases and amylases using the same residue as induction substrate, and adding value to the secondary products of agroindustry
Summary
Agroindustrial residues are secondary products of industrial and economical activities and stand out as potential raw materials for the generation of high value-added products such as microbial proteins, organic acids, ethanol, enzymes and biologically active secondary metabolites (Alexandrino, de Faria, de Souza, & Peralta, 2007; Ferreira-Leitão et al, 2010; Oliveira, Vendruscolo, Costa, & Araújo, 2016). The production of enzymes from the microbial culture using lignocellulosic agroindustrial residues The species of the genus Bacillus are one of the most investigated groups regarding the production of enzymes, especially amylase, under cultivation in agroindustrial residues as substrate (Corrêa, Moutinho, Martins, & Martins, 2011; Barros, Simiqueli, de Andrade, & Pastore, 2013). The main biological sources of enzymes are filamentous fungi, especially the genus Aspergillus for which was reported the production of cellulase, pectinase, amylase, lipase and others enzymes under culture in many different agroindustrial residues, such as wheat bran, paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse, manioc peel and coffee husk (Cruz et al, 2011; Gusmão, Ferraz, Rêgo, Assis, & Leal, 2014; Kanimozhi & Nagalakshmi, 2014)
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