Abstract
This article shows an estimation of water expenditure in multifamily residential buildings in the city of Joinville, located in south Brazil. The proposed method includes an investigation of the water expenditure and an evaluation of the particularities of each building. The investigation was accomplished in thirty buildings and the collected data allowed a classification of the buildings and a measurement of the water consumption rate. The water consumption in buildings with individualized and collective water measurement systems was analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative study was done between the water consumption in buildings that have at least one pool and buildings without any pools. Some buildings in the sample have an alternative water supply system; however there is no measurement of the water consumption in none of the cases analyzed in this study. The per capita consumption was 224 liters per person per day. The buildings with individualized water measurement had smaller consumption per capita than the buildings with collective measurement, showing a reduction of about 34%. The buildings with pools had consumption per capita nearly 48% more than the per capita consumption in buildings without pools.
Highlights
For designers of building water distribution systems and for engineers and technicians that work with supply of drinking water services, data acquisition of monthly and daily water consumption is essential
In order to avoid incorrect evaluations, it is necessary to perform a survey on the per capita consumption indicator (CI), which is defined as the relation between the volume of water consumed in a determined period, called the historical period, and the number of consumer agents in this same period (Fernandes Neto, Naghettini, Von Sperlling, & Libânio, 2005)
Data collection described in the methodology section allowed the calculation of the per capita water consumption indicator in the buildings of the case study
Summary
For designers of building water distribution systems and for engineers and technicians that work with supply of drinking water services, data acquisition of monthly and daily water consumption is essential. In order to avoid incorrect evaluations, it is necessary to perform a survey on the per capita consumption indicator (CI), which is defined as the relation between the volume of water consumed in a determined period, called the historical period, and the number of consumer agents in this same period (Fernandes Neto, Naghettini, Von Sperlling, & Libânio, 2005). The water consumption determination is important to. The water-energy nexus has been studied by Vieira and Ghisi (2016). The authors state that information regarding water-energy nexus can improve management practices for both water and energy conservation. Hamiche, Stambouli and Flazi (2016) presented a review of water-energy nexus studies and conclude that water and electricity are inextricably linked. The authors state that information regarding water-energy nexus can improve management practices for both water and energy conservation. Hamiche, Stambouli and Flazi (2016) presented a review of water-energy nexus studies and conclude that water and electricity are inextricably linked. Athayde Junior, Onofre and Beserra (2014) found that residential solid waste generation was highly correlated with water consumption
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