Abstract
Growers appreciate Cattleya walkeriana and C. loddigesii due to striking shape and rarity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of DNA barcode regions, namely ITS1, ITS2 and rpoC1, to discriminate between C. walkeriana and C. loddigesii species. DNA barcode regions were successfully amplified using primers designed to amplify plants. We also included sequences from public databases in order to test if these regions were able to discriminate C. walkeriana and C. loddigesii from other Cattleya species. These regions, and their combinations, demonstrated that the ITS1+ITS2 had the highest average interspecific distance (11.1%), followed by rpoC1 (1.06%). For species discrimination, ITS1+ITS2 provided the best results. The combined data set of ITS1+ITS2+rpoC1 also discriminated both species, but did not result in higher rates of discrimination. These results indicate that ITS region is the best option for molecular identification of these two species and from some other species of this genus.
Highlights
Brazil has a great biodiversity of orchid species
Three other C. loddigesii individuals were sampled from the “Professor Paulo Sodero Martins” Orchid Collection of the Genetics Department (ESALQ/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil (Table 1)
The degree of discrimination was successful when the minimum interspecific distance was larger than the maximum intraspecific distance, a similar approach proposed by Hollingsworth et al (2009), but here we considered the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distance
Summary
Brazil has a great biodiversity of orchid species. Some of them, especially the epiphytes, are endangered. Knowledge about genetic diversity is extremely valuable for the preservation of species at risk. Loss of genetic variability may reduce survival and evolution chances in the wilds. Conserving such hereditary legacy is crucial for long-term species survival (Muñoz, Warner, & Albertazzi, 2010). Occurs in the states of Minas Gerais, Paraná and São Paulo States in Brazil, and in the Northeast of Argentina (Barbosa Rodrigues, 1996). These species are in the same background of modern Cattleya Alliance hybrids (American Orchid Society [AOS] (2016) and the growers have used these species to produce hybrids.
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