Abstract
Remote vehicle monitoring is a field that has recently attracted the attention of both academia and industry. With the dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, the possibilities for performing this task have multiplied, due to the emergence of low-cost and multi-purpose monitoring devices and the evolution of wireless transmission technologies. Low Power-Wide Area Network (LPWAN) encompasses a set of IoT communication technologies that are gaining momentum, due to their highly valued features regarding transmission distance and end-device energy consumption. For that reason, in this work we present a vehicular monitoring platform enabled by LPWAN-based technology, namely Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Concretely, we explore the end-to-end architecture considering vehicle data retrieving by using an On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) interface, their compression with a novel IETF compression scheme in order to transmit them over the constrained LoRaWAN link, and information visualization through a data server hosted in the cloud, by means of a web-based dashboard. A key advance of the proposal is the design and development of a UNIX-based network interface for LPWAN communications. The whole system has been tested in a university campus environment, showing its capabilities to remotely track vehicle status in real-time. The conducted performance evaluation also shows high levels of reliability in the transmission link, with packet delivery ratios over 95%. The platform boosts the process of monitoring vehicles, enabling a variety of services such as mechanical failure prediction and detection, fleet management, and traffic monitoring, and is extensible to light vehicles with severe power constraints.
Highlights
Monitoring systems have definitely evolved since the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT)paradigm [1]
Many technological advances have contributed to improvements in this field, but two have been decisive for its quick implantation, namely: (i) The development of low-cost and energy-efficient monitoring devices, and (ii) the progress of communication technologies to match the requirements of these systems, such as long-range and robust transmissions
We have developed the different modules of a system, that ranges from data extraction by using the On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II)
Summary
Monitoring systems have definitely evolved since the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT)paradigm [1]. Sensors 2019, 19, 264 capable of performing functions that only some years ago needed industrial hardware Thereby, these platforms allow easy monitoring of physical events by themselves, or they may be connected to larger systems with the aim of extracting monitoring data. Regarding the wireless transmission technologies employed in these architectures, some features are of prominent importance in order to boost the deployment of both reliable and practical monitoring systems These characteristics are related to the need of having long-range communication solutions with very low energy consumption for end-devices, because they are usually powered by batteries. Another desirable feature is system scalability, as it is envisioned that billions of end-devices will be simultaneously connected within future IoT architectures [2]. One communication technology that meets these demands, and that is fully integrated within the IoT ecosystem since its inception, is the Low Power-Wide Area
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