Abstract
Alternative and innovative fuel types are being introduced to power cars. These include liquified petroleum gas (LPG) gas and hydrogen energy sources. However, they also introduce new hazards, requiring revised thinking with respect to safety within car parking environments. One of the most significant dangers is accidental gas release from a car’s system, especially in underground car parks. Jet fan systems are widely used for ventilation of such enclosures, but currently their design is most often based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) according to computer simulations that may not be relevant for such new fuels. This paper presents the results of full-scale tests which demonstrate the operational factors of jet fan ventilation systems, and assesses the conditions which can occur in a car park when a small volume of LPG is released. On the basis of measurements undertaken, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software was validated against the air velocity flows and LPG gas dispersion patterns. Finally, the simulations were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of systems in an actual car park, in the case of an accidental LPG car tank release.
Highlights
Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is gaining popularity around the world as a car fuel
1 presents a synthesis unsolved problems mentioned literature related toinLPG-fuelled cars parked underground car of parks, which were the subjectin ofthe research described the article.cars parked in underground car parks, which were the subject of research described in the article
Experimentation was undertaken of jet fan air stream velocities with accidental LPG dispersion in a car park
Summary
Liquified petroleum gas (LPG) is gaining popularity around the world as a car fuel. 16 million vehicles are powered by this gas. It provides about 3% of the total fuel world market share. Almost half of all passenger vehicles fuelled by LPG gas can be found in the five largest markets: Turkey, Poland, South Korea, Italy and Australia. The biggest motivation for using LPG is the relatively low price, at approximately 40% of conventional fuels price. Another notable advantage is that LPG creates less pollutants than gasoline or oil. The problem is that, in reality, LPG car installations are very often in poor condition, creating the danger of accidental gas release [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
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