Abstract
Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferases (LPEATs) are known as enzymes utilizing acyl-CoAs and lysophospholipids to produce phosphatidylethanolamine. Recently, it has been discovered that they are also involved in the growth regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana. In our study we investigated expression of each Camelina sativa LPEAT isoform and their behavior in response to temperature changes. In order to conduct a more extensive biochemical evaluation we focused both on LPEAT enzymes present in microsomal fractions from C. sativa plant tissues, and on cloned CsLPEAT isoforms expressed in yeast system. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CsLPEAT1c and CsLPEAT2c originated from Camelina hispida, whereas other isoforms originated from Camelina neglecta. The expression ratio of all CsLPEAT1 isoforms to all CsLPEAT2 isoforms was higher in seeds than in other tissues. The isoforms also displayed divergent substrate specificities in utilization of LPE; CsLPEAT1 preferred 18:1-LPE, whereas CsLPEAT2 preferred 18:2-LPE. Unlike CsLPEAT1, CsLPEAT2 isoforms were specific towards very-long-chain fatty acids. Above all, we discovered that temperature strongly regulates LPEATs activity and substrate specificity towards different acyl donors, making LPEATs sort of a sensor of external thermal changes. We observed the presented findings not only for LPEAT activity in plant-derived microsomal fractions, but also for yeast-expressed individual CsLPEAT isoforms.
Highlights
To establish the influence of temperature on acyl-CoA specificities of lysophosphatydylethanolamine acyltransferases activity (LPEAT) enzymes, we used microsomal fractions isolated from different tissues: one generative and three vegetative
Our study revealed that LPEAT enzymes substrate specificity can be modified by temperature
We showed that each individual isoform of LPEAT enzymes has unique substrate preferences and the genes encoding these isoforms are showing different expression patterns in different tissues
Summary
High and low temperatures may cause diverse detrimental effects on plant physiology, e.g., the inhibition of protein folding or its enzymatic activity, increase in oxidative stress and ROS generation, and impairment of photosynthesis. This may lead to reduced plant growth, yield, or even cell death [1]. Both heat and cold influence cell membrane fluidity. The upkeep of membrane fluidity appropriate to surrounding environmental conditions is mainly regulated by phospholipids and their structure: either a liquid crystalline or a solid phase ( known as gel phase). One of the major phospholipids composing cell membranes is phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
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