Abstract
Organic acids, e.g, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid and succinic acid, have important role in the food industry and are potential raw materials for the sustainable chemical industry. Their fermentative production based on renewable raw materials requires innovatively designed downstream processing to maintain low environmental impact and resource efficiency throughout the production process. The application of bipolar membranes offers clean and effective way to generate hydrogen ions required for free acid production from its salt. The water dissociation reaction inside the bipolar membrane triggered by electric field plays key role in providing hydrogen ion for the replacement of the cations in organic acid salts. Combined with monopolar ion-exchange membranes in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis process, material flow can be separated beside the product stream into additional reusable streams, thus minimizing the waste generation. This paper focuses on bipolar membrane electrodialysis applied for organic acid recovery from fermentation broth.
Highlights
The preference toward renewable and bio-based chemicals is higher and higher nowadays, and this fact encourages and inspires scientists to develop and fine-tune biotechnological organic acid production
The key focus of research is on the reduction of raw material costs (Dörsam et al 2017; Sawant et al 2018), on the optimization of microorganisms (Yin et al 2015; Johansen 2017; Li et al 2021), yield (Liu et al 2017), and last but not least recovery methods (LópezGarzón and Straathof 2014)
The main advantage of synthesis is that the resulting product is usually of high purity and concentrated (Ai and Ohdan 1997; Gao et al 2018)
Summary
The preference toward renewable and bio-based chemicals is higher and higher nowadays, and this fact encourages and inspires scientists to develop and fine-tune biotechnological organic acid production. The performances of the ED-BPM process can be evaluated in terms of the specific energy consumption (kW.h.kg−1), the recovery rate of the organic acid (%) and the average current efficiency (%). That increases the necessary energy input for operation, but it should be mentioned that there are two product streams if we consider that an uncontaminated alkali solution is generated simultaneously which can be recycled into the fermentation process as in the CEM-BPM configuration.
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