Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Phase‐Pure 0D–1D BaTiO3 Nanostructures Using H2Ti3O7 Templates

Abstract

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanowires, which were uniformly covered with 0D BaTiO3 nanocrystals, were synthesized by using a simple solvothermal reaction of protonated trititanate (H2Ti3O7) nanowires with barium hydroxide octahydrate [Ba(OH)2·8H2O] at 80 °C in ethanol/water mixed solvent systems. The compositions of the mixed solvents ― the volume ratio of ethanol to deionized water ― was a key controlling parameter in order to determine the phase formation and primary particle size of the 0D BaTiO3 nanocrystals. Single‐phase cubic perovskite BaTiO3 started to form at 80 °C in a mixed solvent containing more than approximately 60 % by volume of ethanol. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis revealed that the as‐prepared BaTiO3 retained its wire‐shaped morphology with nanocrystals on the surface. Furthermore, the synthetic mechanism of the 0D‐1D BaTiO3 nanostructures was demonstrated in view of the dielectric tuning of the mixed solvent and the similarities between the crystal structures of BaTiO3 and H2Ti3O7.