Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements of ultrathin Pb films

Abstract

We have investigated the electronic properties of ultrathin Pb films by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Our results show that 30 nm thick Pb(111) films grown on atomically flat highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and on amorphous SiO2 are both in the strong-coupling limit with transition temperature and energy gap close to the bulk value. Conductance maps and spectroscopy in the vortex state reveal a bound state at the center of the vortices, which suggest that the films are in the clean limit. Measurements of 3 nm Pb films grown on HOPG show a clear crossover to the weak-coupling regime and dirty limit.