Abstract
A low-profile (0.21 λ g × 0.35 λ g × 0.02 λ g ) and a simply-structured frequency-switchable antenna with eight frequency choices is presented in this paper. The radiating structure (monopole) is printed on a 1.6-mm thicker, commercially-available substrate of FR-4 ( ϵ r = 4.4, tan δ = 0.020). Specifically, it uses three PIN diodes in the designated places to shift the resonant bands of the antenna. The antenna operates at four different modes depending on the ON and OFF states of the PIN diodes. While in each mode, the antenna covers two unique frequencies (Mode 1 = 1.8 and 3.29 GHz, Mode 2 = 2.23 and 3.9 GHz, Mode 3 = 2.4 and 4.55 GHz, and Mode 4 = 2.78 and 5.54 GHz). The performance results show that the proposed antenna scheme explores significant gain (>1.5 dBi in all modes) and reasonable efficiency (>82% in all modes) for each mode. Using a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS), the switchable antenna is designed and optimized. The fabricated model along with the PIN diode and biasing network is tested experimentally to validate the simulation results. The proposed antenna may also be combined in compact and heterogeneous radio frequency (RF) front-ends because of its small geometry and efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum.
Highlights
Recent advancements in wireless communication systems need transceivers to be efficiently utilized with heterogeneous systems such as wireless local area network (WLAN), Worldwide
The antenna required for modern transceivers must be compact and frequency switchable to meet the standard of the transceivers
Our simulation results are compared with the results obtained from the fabricated prototype
Summary
Recent advancements in wireless communication systems need transceivers to be efficiently utilized with heterogeneous systems such as wireless local area network (WLAN), Worldwide. The reported antenna covers dual bands (2.4 and 5.2 GHz) and a single band (2.4 GHz) for the PIN diode in the ON and OFF states, respectively. The reported antenna covers three bands: the Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) band, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) band, and the WLAN band, for different biasing conditions of PIN diodes. The optical switches are inserted between the main monopole and the parasitic patch in [12] to achieve different frequency responses with a wider bandwidth and high gain at the cost of a large antenna size. The hexa-band frequency-reconfigurable antenna for multi-standard wireless communication systems using PIN diodes is investigated in [15,16,17].
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