Abstract
This paper presents a low-noise multi-path operational amplifier for high-precision sensors. A chopper stabilization technique is applied to the amplifier to remove offset and flicker noise. A ripple reduction loop (RRL) is designed to remove the ripple generated in the process of up-modulating the flicker noise and offset. To cancel the notch in the overall transfer function due to the RRL operation, a multi-path architecture using both a low-frequency path (LFP) and high-frequency path (HFP) is implemented. The low frequency path amplifier is implemented using the chopper technique and the RRL. In the high-frequency path amplifier, a class-AB output stage is implemented to improve the power efficiency. The transfer functions of the LFP and HFP induce a first-order frequency response in the system through nested Miller compensation. The low-noise multi-path amplifier was fabricated using a 0.18 µm 1P6M complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The power consumption of the proposed low-noise operational amplifier is 0.174 mW with a 1.8 V supply and an active area of 1.18 mm2. The proposed low-noise amplifier has a unit gain bandwidth (UGBW) of 3.16 MHz, an input referred noise of 11.8 nV/√Hz, and a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 4.46.
Highlights
With the development of smart devices for Internet of Things (IoT), various sensor applications are becoming increasingly necessary
A performance performance comparison with previous low-noise amplifier studies is shown shown in Table previous low-noise amplifier studies is in is the input referred noise and is the total consumption current of the operational amplifier, ni input
This paper has presented a low-noise chopper-stabilized multi-path operational amplifier with nested Miller compensation for high-precision sensors
Summary
With the development of smart devices for Internet of Things (IoT), various sensor applications are becoming increasingly necessary. Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors are receiving particular attention due to their small size, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and low cost [1,2,3,4]. Sensing diminutive signals with a small output current and small output voltage amplitude using. High gain, high input impedance, and low-noise operational amplification are essential for various sensor interfaces [5,6,7]. Chopper stabilization or auto-zeroing techniques are typically used [8]. The auto-zeroing technique typically operates using two phases. The first phase stores flicker noise and offset in the auto-zero capacitor, and the phase subtracts the stored flicker noise and offset from the input signal
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