Abstract
Even though erythrocytes transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide, research on blood substitutes has concentrated on the transport of oxygen and its vasoactivity and oxidative effects. Recent study in a hemorrhagic shock animal model shows that the degree of tissue PCO2 elevation is directly related to mortality rates. We therefore prepared a novel nanobiotechnological carrier for both O2 and CO2 with enhanced antioxidant properties. This is based on the use of glutaraldehyde to crosslink stroma free hemoglobin (SFHb), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) to form a soluble PolySFHb-SOD-CAT-CA. It was compared to blood and different resuscitation fluids on the ability to lower elevated tissue PCO2 in a 2/3 blood volume loss rat hemorrhagic shock model. Sixty minutes of sustained hemorrhagic shock at 30 mm Hg resulted in the increase of tissue PCO2 to 95 mm ± 3 mmHg from the control level of 55 mm Hg. Reinfusion of whole blood (Hb 15 g/dL with its RBC enzymes) lowered the tissue PCO2 to 72 ± 4.5 mmHg 60 minutes after reinfusion. PolySFHb-SOD-CAT-CA (SFHb 10 g/dL plus additional enzymes) was more effective than whole blood in lowering PCO2 lowering this to 66.2 ± 3.5 mmHg. Ringer's Lactated solution or polyhemoglobin lowered the elevated PCO2 only slightly to 87 ± 4.5 mmHg and 84.8 ± 1.5 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, ST-elevation for whole blood (Hb 15 g/dL) and PolySFHb-SOD-CAT-CA (Hb 10 g/dL) was respectively 12.8% ± 4% and 13.0% ± 2% of the control 60 minutes after reinfusion. Both are significantly better than those in the Ringer's lactated group and the PolyHb group. In conclusion, this novel approach for blood substitute design has resulted in a novel nanobiotechnological carrier for both O2 and CO2 with enhanced antioxidant properties.
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