Lowering morbidity in high Le Fort and pyramidal osteotomies with virtual treatment planning and intra-operative navigation

Abstract

Background: The possible sequelae of maxillary osteotomies are numerous. High Le Fort and pyramidal osteotomies can be susceptible to nasolacrimal duct injury, hemorrhage and blindness. High Le Fort I osteotomy can usually be safely performed by techniques previously described if its osteotomy's horizontal trajectory is parallel and below the inferior orbital nerve; while the execution of the Le Fort II osteotomy as described by can safely avoid iatrogenic trauma when the surgeon's execution includes a medial orbital osteotomy.