Abstract
This paper reports the incorporation of butyl stearate into fly ash-based geopolymers to lower the efflorescence potential. Three incorporation ways are comparatively studied, i.e., matrix distribution: fly ash particle surface modification (PM), lamination: inserting layered butyl stearate sheet in the binder (LS), and coating: surface treatment of hardened bulk samples (ST). Results show that the use of butyl stearate does not change the amorphous feature of activation products but increases the contact angle of the surface. It hinders the capillary water absorption and ion transportation, effectively slows down the formation of efflorescence. Compared with PM and LS samples, the surface treated ST samples have the lowest accumulative leaching of Na+ (76 mg), the lowest water absorption (0.07%), the lowest porosity (7.5%), and the highest compressive strength (14.08 MPa) after accelerated efflorescence. The microstructure analysis results obtained in this study provides a useful insight for the efflorescence control for fly ash-based geopolymers, and suggest that for this particular type of very porous geopolymer, surface treatment of a bulk product may be the best choice.
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