Abstract
Nuts which contaminated with aflatoxins are potent to hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. Herein, we were assessed the ability of selenium and yogurt to ameliorate aflatoxin-contaminated nut-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Relative to the control group, the aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed rats has been reduced body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio (FER), whereas those rats given selenium or yogurt, or both, and consumed 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nuts showed no significant decrease in body weight gain or decrease in FER. Food intake did not vary significantly between the groups. After 60 days, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities were increased in the serum of rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts, suggesting hepatic damage. The 3% aflatoxin-contaminated nut-fed group has been reduced total protein and serum, liver glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase(GPX and SOD) enzymes but elevated creatinine, urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as liver MDA, compared to the control group. Moreover, we were found that feeding of the rats by selenium, yogurt or both could be normalize of liver and antioxidant enzyme levels (GPX, SOD, and MDA), as well as total protein, albumin, globulin, and uric acid contents. Based on our findings, we were proposed that selenium and yogurt could reduce the side effects of hepatotoxicity in experimental rats that have consumed aflatoxin-contaminated nuts.
Highlights
Nuts are rich in an unsaturated fatty acids and various bioactive compounds, which have been including high-quality vegetable protein, minerals, fiber, phytosterols, tocopherols and phenolic compounds
Blue 1 (B1), B2, Green 1 (G1), and G2 are the most common aflatoxin strains that were found in foods, named because of their fluorescence properties and chromatography patterns[4]
Liver Biochemical Estimations Livers of rats were rapidly removed and parts of them perfused with 50 to 100 mlof ice-cold 0.9% NaCl solution for estimation of the liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activities according to Refs[18,20,21]
Summary
Nuts are rich in an unsaturated fatty acids and various bioactive compounds, which have been including high-quality vegetable protein, minerals, fiber, phytosterols, tocopherols and phenolic compounds. Fungi have growing on nuts which were formed the mycotoxin and can be decrease the quality of nuts by reducing their nutritive quality[3]. Both of the mycotoxins and aflatoxin have been formed by the molds Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillusparasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination can lead to a variety of health problems, including cancers, mental and digestive problems, hemorrhages, and malabsorption[8]. Aflatoxin induces hepatic and renal tumors in rodents, and has been implicated inesophageal cancer. We have been evaluated the potential for yogurt and selenium to ameliorate aflatoxin-contaminated nut-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
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