Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer With Achilles Tendon Allograft: A Technique Video

Abstract

Background: While small to medium rotator cuff tears demonstrate good outcomes with primary repair, large, irreparable cuff tears pose a significant clinical challenge with high re-tear rates and lower patient satisfaction. Tendon transfers are procedures that can restore motion and strength in the shoulder in the case of irreparable rotator cuff tears. Trapezius tendon transfers are suitable for large posterosuperior cuff tears as the lower trapezius has a vector of pull similar to that of the infraspinatus. Indications: Lower trapezius tendon transfers are indicated for young and active patients with irreparable posterior and posterosuperior rotator cuff tears causing significant weakness and loss of external rotation. Contraindications to the procedure include advanced osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint, advanced age, and deficiency of the subscapularis, deltoid, or trapezius muscles. Technique Description: Using a scapular incision, the trapezius muscle body and tendon are dissected from the scapular spine and mobilized. The plane of the infraspinatus into the glenohumeral joint is tunneled using blunt dissection, and the prepared allograft is passed through under arthroscopic visualization. The allograft insertion is stabilized with 3 knotless anchors and reinforced using medial row sutures from a concomitant supraspinatus repair. The proximal graft origin is fixed to the trapezius tendon using a Pulvertaft weave morphology to reconstruct the muscle-tendon unit. Results: Outcomes data from the literature demonstrate improvement in symptoms and patient satisfaction following the procedure. In a retrospective analysis of 41 patients, Elhassan et al demonstrated that 90% of patients experienced significant improvement in visual analog scale (VAS), Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at mean follow-up time of 14 months. Discussion/Conclusion: In appropriately indicated patients, the lower trapezius tendon transfer offers restoration of external rotation strength and range of motion, pain relief, low risk of complications, and reduced risk of revision compared with alternative procedures. Patient Consent Disclosure Statement: The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.