Abstract
Transcutaneous vaccination has several advantages including having a noninvasive route and needle-free administration; nonetheless developing an effective transdermal formulation has not been an easy task because skin physiology, particularly the stratum corneum, does not allow antigen penetration. Size is a crucial parameter for successful active molecule administration through the skin. Here we report a new core-shell structure rationally developed for transcutaneous antigen delivery. The resulting multifunctional carrier has an oily core with immune adjuvant properties and a polymeric corona made of chitosan. This system has a size of around 100 nm and a positive zeta potential. The new formulation is stable in storage and physiological conditions. Ovalbumin (OVA) was used as the antigen model and the developed nanocapsules show high association efficiency (75%). Chitosan nanocapsules have high interaction with the immune system which was demonstrated by complement activation and also did not affect cell viability in the macrophage cell line. Finally, ex vivo studies using a pig skin model show that OVA associated to the chitosan nanocapsules developed in this study penetrated and were retained better than OVA in solution. Thus, the physicochemical properties and their adequate characteristics make this carrier an excellent platform for transcutaneous antigen delivery.
Highlights
Classical administration of vaccines is still parenteral
Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), ammonium persulfate (APS) and Bromophenol blue were obtained from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). 30% Acrylamide/Bis solution, ClarityTM Western ECL Substrate, Precision Plus ProteinTM All Blue, Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate and Goat Anti-mouse IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate were supplied by Bio-rad (Hercules, CA, USA)
The aim of this work is the rational design of chitosan nanocapsules (CSNCs) as a carrier for transcutaneous vaccination
Summary
Classical administration of vaccines is still parenteral (either intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular). Most descriptions of an ideal vaccine include a needle-free administration This type of administration has the potential to lead to the following significant advances in immunization delivery: improved safety for the handler of the vaccine; the vaccine itself; and the community: better compliance with immunization schedules; decreased or eliminated injection site pain; easier and faster vaccine delivery; and reduced cost [4,5]. In this challenge of finding new administration routes, especially in vaccine delivery, skin seems to be a valid and interesting approach
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