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Abstract
BackgroundLower serum total (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C) have been linked to an increased risk of cancer in various sites, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. In an attempt to clarify the association between cholesterol levels and oxidative DNA damage, we investigated the relationship between serum cholesterol and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in a Japanese working population.MethodsThe study subjects were 294 men and 209 women aged 21-66 years in two Japanese municipal offices. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured using an automated high-pressure liquid chromatography. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations of urinary 8-OHdG with TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels with adjustment for sex, age, smoking and body mass index. Subgroup analyses were conducted by smoking status in men and age in women. Analysis of covariance was employed to estimate adjusted means of urinary 8-OHdG across TC category.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, urinary 8-OHdG levels were inversely associated with serum TC levels (β = −0.0015, p < 0.05) and LDL-C levels (β = −0.0012, p = 0.07). The inverse association with TC was apparent among smoking men (β = −0.0017, p < 0.05) and among women aged less than 48 years (β = −0.0040, p < 0.01). 8-OHdG decreased as TC increased (up to 219 mg/dL); subjects with TC levels of <160 mg/dL had a 17.4% higher adjusted mean of 8-OHdG than did those with TC levels of 200–219 mg/dL.ConclusionResults suggest that circulating low TC levels are associated with higher oxidative DNA damage.
Highlights
Lower circulating total (TC) [1,2,3], high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) [4] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-C) [5] have been shown to be associated with an increase risk of total cancer, as well as cancer of the lung, prostate, stomach or colon [6,7]
These results, may be limited due to the use of ELISA method in measuring 8-OHdG, which is less accurate than the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method [14]
Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of urinary 8-OHdG with Total cholesterol (TC), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C levels while adjusting for sex, age, smoking and body mass index (BMI)
Summary
Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of urinary 8-OHdG with TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels while adjusting for sex, age (continuous), smoking (smoker or nonsmoker including past smoker) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2, continuous). Urinary 8-OHdG levels were significantly, inversely associated with serum TC levels (β = −0.0015, p < 0.01) and marginally, inversely associated with LDL-C levels (β = −0.0012, p = 0.07) with adjustment for age, sex, smoking status and body mass index. A marginally significantly, inversely association between with HDL-C and urinary 8-OHdG levels was observed among women aged less than 48 years (β = −0.0052, p = 0.08). Results were virtually unchanged after adding other covariates, including alcohol drinking, physical activity, job-title and hypertension status
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