Lower heart rate variability is associated with loss of muscle mass and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults

Abstract

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders may occur in skeletal muscle disease, but the link between them has not been fully established. Studying the relationship between them may yield insights into the mechanisms and treatment of disease. This study aimed to explore the association between heart rate variability (HRV), sarcopenia, and subscales of sarcopenia (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical mobility). 2514 community-dwelling older Chinese participants were included in this study. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guidelines were used to define sarcopenia. HRV was measured by 90-s electrocardiogram RR interval data. All HRV parameters were transformed using natural logarithms. Multiple regression analysis and multivariate linear regression was performed using potential correlates. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 15.1% (18.5% in males and 12.6% in females). In the logistic regression analysis model, there was a significant association between log-transformed standard deviation of RR interval (lnSDNN) (OR=0.736, p=0.019), log-transformed coefficient of variation of RR intervals (lnCVRR) (OR=0.751, p=0.020), log-transformed low-frequency power (lnLF) (OR=0.861, p=0.008), log-transformed high-frequency power (lnHF) (OR=0.864, p=0.003) and sarcopenia in the general population after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), daily activity levels, hypertension, heart disease and cardiac drugs. In addition, in multivariate linear regression, lnSDNN (β=0.146, p=0.001), lnCVRR (β=0.120, p=0.010), lnLF (β=0.066, p=0.002) and lnHF (β=0.065, p<0.001) remained significantly positively associated with muscle mass, but there were no significant differences in grip strength and walking speed. Sarcopenia was independently associated with lower heart rate variability in a community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. In addition, muscle mass was positively associated with heart rate variability in the elderly.