Lower genetic variability of HIV-1 and antiretroviral drug resistance in pregnant women from the state of Par\xe1, Brazil

Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado,Iran Barros Costa,Anderson Levy Bessa Da Luz,Ricardo Ishak,Marluisa Oliveira Guimarães Ishak,Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto,Maria Nazaré Folha

doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2392-y

Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado, Iran Barros Costa + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2392-y

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Abstract

BackgroundThe present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1, as well as the resistance profile of the viruses identified in HIV-1 infected pregnant women under antiretroviral therapy in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 45 HIV-1 infected pregnant to determine the virus subtypes according to the HIV-1 protease (PR) gene and part of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) gene by sequencing the nucleotides of these regions. Drug resistance mutations and susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs were analyzed by the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.ResultsOut of 45 samples, only 34 could be amplified for PR and 30 for RT. Regarding the PR gene, subtypes B (97.1%) and C (2.9%) were identified; for the RT gene, subtypes B (90.0%), F (6.7%), and C (3.3%) were detected. Resistance to protease inhibitors (PI) was identified in 5.8% of the pregnant, and mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%, while mutations conferring resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found in 3.3%.ConclusionsThese results showed a low frequency of strains resistant to antiretroviral drugs, the prevalence of subtypes B and F, and the persistent low transmission of subtype C in pregnant of the state of Pará, Brazil.

Highlights

The present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1, as well as the resistance profile of the viruses identified in HIV-1 infected pregnant women under antiretroviral therapy in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil
Blood samples were collected from 45 HIV-1-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil, from April 2007 to October 2008
Four women presented HIV-1 strains with some sign of resistance to ARV, being two (5.8%; #14045 and #15278) to protease inhibitors (PIs), one (3.3%; #15275) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (#15275), and one (3.3%; #16078) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Summary

Introduction

The present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of HIV-1, as well as the resistance profile of the viruses identified in HIV-1 infected pregnant women under antiretroviral therapy in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. The North region of Brazil comprises 5.7% of the reported cases and has an AIDS incidence rate of 25,7/100,000 people, with the largest number of cases (43.47%) occurring in Pará [2]. In the period between 2000 and 2015, 92,210 cases of HIV-1 were reported among pregnant women in Brazil; of which, 6548 cases (7.1%) occurred in the North region and the highest number was observed in the state of Pará (39.92%), followed by the states of Amazonas (3.08%) and Rondônia (6.98%) [2]

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