Lower facial rejuvenation: age-related changes and treatment options

Abstract

Rejuvenation of the lower third of the face can be difficult to achieve non-surgically. As less invasive treatments become more popular, it is important for aesthetic practitioners to be able to offer ambulatory, yet efficacious, procedure options for their patients. This paper will review the anatomy of the lower face, including its layers of tissues, bony foundation, deep and superficial fat compartments, the muscular layer and the skin. It will address key changes that occur with ageing and recommend treatments to correct and prevent them.