Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including the back, neck, and upper and lower extremities, are debilitating conditions and, if not treated appropriately, can lead to poor occupational outcomes including reduced productivity, worker absenteeism, and long-term disability. Of these musculoskeletal regions, there is not as much research available on lower extremity injuries and disorders as compared to lumbar and upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, of all nonfatal work injuries resulting in time away from work, back injuries account for 45.4 %, upper extremity injuries account for 25.5 %, and lower extremity injuries account for 7.2 % (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2011). Given the prevalence of injuries for these musculoskeletal regions, it is understandable why more research on prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes is available for back and upper extremity MSDs. While lower extremity injuries are less prevalent, they are believed to be more debilitating due to the negative impact on mobility and quality of life (Bruchal, 1995).
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