Lower-Body Function, Neighborhoods, and Walking in an Older Population

Abstract

Poor lower-body capacity is associated with reduced mobility in older populations. This study sought to determine whether neighborhood environments (e.g., land-use patterns and safety) moderate that association. The study is based on a cross-sectional sample of 884 people aged > or =65 years identified through service organizations in Alameda County CA, Cook County IL, Allegheny County PA, and Wake and Durham counties NC. In-person interviews focused on neighborhood characteristics, physical and cognitive function, and physical activity and walking. Functional capacity was tested using measures of lower-body strength, balance, and walking speed. The main outcome was time spent walking in a typical week (<150 vs > or =150 minutes per week). Objective environmental measures were also included. Estimates of main and interaction effects were derived from regression models. Living in a residential area, compared to a mixed-use or commercial area, was associated with less time spent walking (<150 minutes per week; OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.04, 2.38). Living in a less-compact area (greater median block length) is also significantly associated with less walking for seniors, but only among those with excellent lower-body strength. Neighborhood type is associated with walking among older people, as it is among the general adult population. In individuals with poor lower-body function, no association was found between residence in a less-compact area and walking. For those people, the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and walking requires further study.