Low-dose inhaled fluticasone propionate versus oral zafirlukast in the treatment of persistent asthma

Abstract

Background: Few studies have compared the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and leukotriene modifiers for the treatment of persistent asthma. Objective: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy of a low dose of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) with that of oral zafirlukast in the treatment of persistent asthma previously treated with short-acting β 2-agonists alone. Methods: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter study was conducted in 451 patients aged 12 years and older with asthma who were symptomatic on short-acting β 2-agonists alone. After an 8- to 14-day run-in period, patients were randomized to treatment with FP 88 μg twice daily or zafirlukast 20 mg twice daily. Results: Treatment with FP was more effective than treatment with zafirlukast in increasing morning FEV 1 (by 0.42 L vs 0.20 L over baseline, P < .001), morning peak expiratory flow (by 49.94 L/min vs 11.68 L/min over baseline, P < .001), and evening PEF (by 38.91 L/min vs 10.50 L/min over baseline, P < .001). Statistically significant differences between the two treatments in FEV 1 were noted after the first observation (week 4) and in morning and evening peak expiratory flow by week 2. Mean change in percentage of symptom-free days was greater with FP than with zafirlukast (28.5% of days vs 15.6% of days, P < .001) and FP significantly increased the percentage of rescue-free days by 40.4% of days compared with 24.2% of days with zafirlukast ( P < .001). Treatment with FP significantly reduced albuterol use by 2.39 puffs per day compared with 1.45 puffs per day ( P < .001) and increased the percentage of nights with no awakenings by 21.2% of nights compared with 8.0% of nights with zafirlukast ( P < .001). Conclusion: The clinical effectiveness of a low dose of FP as first-line therapy in patients with persistent asthma who are symptomatic on β 2-agonists alone is superior to that of zafirlukast. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:1123-9.)