Abstract
At present time, every nation is absolutely concern about increasing agricultural production and bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Hence, with this intention in the current study potent natural surfactants characterized as lipopeptides were evaluated for low-cost production by Bacillus subtilis SNW3, previously isolated from the Fimkessar oil field, Chakwal Pakistan. The significant results were obtained by using substrates in combination (white beans powder (6% w/v) + waste frying oil (1.5% w/v) and (0.1% w/v) urea) with lipopeptides yield of about 1.17 g/L contributing 99% reduction in cost required for medium preparation. To the best of our knowledge, no single report is presently describing lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis using white beans powder as a culture medium. Additionally, produced lipopeptides display great physicochemical properties of surface tension reduction value (SFT = 28.8 mN/m), significant oil displacement activity (ODA = 4.9 cm), excessive emulsification ability (E24 = 69.8%), and attains critical micelle concentration (CMC) value at 0.58 mg/mL. Furthermore, biosurfactants produced exhibit excellent stability over an extensive range of pH (1–11), salinity (1–8%), temperature (20–121°C), and even after autoclaving. Subsequently, produced lipopeptides are proved suitable for bioremediation of crude oil (86%) and as potent plant growth-promoting agent that significantly (P < 0.05) increase seed germination and plant growth promotion of chili pepper, lettuce, tomato, and pea maximum at a concentration of (0.7 g/100 mL), showed as a potential agent for agriculture and bioremediation processes by lowering economic and environmental stress.Graphical
Highlights
Environmental pollution due to petroleum products such as crude oil, diesel, and gasoline is of major ecological concern nowadays (Jimoh and Lin 2019)
Substrate screening and optimization studies for lipopeptide production Potato peels powder, molasses, white beans powder, and waste frying oil were evaluated as cheap media for lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis SNW3
It was observed that white beans powder and waste frying oil gave significant oil displacement value. the The characterization of substrate samples in terms of total organic carbon and nitrogen content of the yeast extract, white beans powder and potato peels powder used in this study is presented in Additional file 1: Table S1
Summary
Environmental pollution due to petroleum products such as crude oil, diesel, and gasoline is of major ecological concern nowadays (Jimoh and Lin 2019). For employing biosurfactants in agriculture, bioremediation and its application in other fields the reduction in cost needed for production are of absolute concern (Jimoh and Lin 2019). Unlike synthetic surfactants that are produced from petroleum feed stock, biosurfactants could be produced using waste materials like agriculture waste (wheat bran), brewery waste, and food waste by-products (potato peels and waste frying oil) that reduce cost and helps in waste disposal in environmentfriendly manner (Moshtagh et al 2018; Vea et al 2018). With all the above intentions the current study was conducted to produce stable potent biosurfactants employing various cost-effective renewable resources and to evaluate the potential of produced lipopeptides for detoxification and management of crude oil contaminated soil and to promote plant growth and development
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