Low Zinc, Copper, and Manganese Intake is Associated with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in the Japanese Working Population: Findings from the Eating Habit and Well-Being Study.

Mieko Nakamura,Yosuke Shibata,Eisaku Okada,Tomomi Nagahata,Toshiyuki Ojima,Ayako Miura

doi:10.3390/nu11040847

Mieko Nakamura, Yosuke Shibata + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040847

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Abstract

Epidemiological studies have suggested that there is an association between diet and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of six minerals and mental disorders in a cross-sectional study. We used data from the Eating Habit and Well-being study in Japanese workers. Kessler’s six-item psychological distress scale was used to detect mental disorders, with a cut-off score of 12/13, and a validated food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate dietary mineral intake. A total of 2089 participants with no history of depression were included. The prevalence of mental disorders was 6.9%. The lowest quartiles of zinc, copper, and manganese intakes were associated with mental disorders, whereas the lowest quartiles of calcium, magnesium, and iron intake were not associated with mental disorders. Combination analysis of high (≥median) or low (<median) intake of zinc, copper, and manganese showed that low zinc and low copper intake, even with low or high manganese intake (odds ratio (OR), 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–5.73, and OR, 3.06, 95% CI, 1.41–6.61, respectively) showed a higher OR than that of high zinc, high copper, and high manganese intake. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of dietary mineral intake on mental health.

Highlights

Mental and substance use disorders accounted for 22.9% of the non-fatal burden of disease in2010, and represent the leading causes of disease worldwide [1]
body mass index (BMI), medications for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, smoking, alcohol drinking, shift working, and total energy and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake were not associated with depression and anxiety symptoms
To high or low zinc, copper, and manganese intake. This cross-sectional study in Japanese workers revealed that low intake of zinc, copper, This cross‐sectional study with in Japanese workers revealed that low The intake of zinc, copper, was and and manganese was associated depression and anxiety symptoms

Summary

Introduction

Mental and substance use disorders accounted for 22.9% of the non-fatal burden of disease in2010, and represent the leading causes of disease worldwide [1]. Mental and substance use disorders accounted for 22.9% of the non-fatal burden of disease in. Depressive disorders contribute most to the burden of disease, followed by anxiety disorders, drug use disorders, and alcohol disorders [1]. The working generation are at high risk of developing mental disorders [2]. Japan Survey 2002–2005 reported that approximately 9% of workers had some mental disorder over the last 12 months, and the 30-day prevalence of major depressive disorder or any mood disorder was significantly associated with a decrease in work performance [3]. The Japanese government enforced the Stress Check Program, which screens psychosocial stress in the workplace in order to improve workers’ mental health, based on the Industrial Safety and Health Law of 2015 [4]. Prevention strategies are still desirable to counter this burden

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