Abstract
An acoustic second-order low-pass filter is proposed for filter banks emulating the operation of a human cochlea. By using a special filter structure and an innovative quality (Q)-factor tuning technique, an independent change of the cutoff frequency (ω0) and the Q-factor with unchanged gain at low frequencies is achieved in this filter. The techniques applied result in a simple filter design with low Q-factor sensitivity to component mismatch. These filter features greatly simplify the implementation of the electronic cochlea in CMOS technologies. An exemplary filter bank designed and simulated in an X-FAB 180 nm CMOS process is presented, which consumes 1.25–34.75 nW of power per individual filter when supplied with 0.5 V. The 11-channel filter bank covers a 20–20 kHz band, while the Q-factor of each channel can be tuned from 2 to 40. The simulation-predicted sensitivities of Q and ω0 to process/voltage/temperature (PVT) variations are less than 1%. The input-referred noise is no greater than 22 µVRMS, and the dynamic range is at least 68 dB for all filters in the bank.
Highlights
Systems for effective human speech processing and recognition are of increasing practical importance
The popularity of this approach comes from the belief that millions of years of evolution have led to a solution that is optimally suited for processing human speech in typical human environments
This paper proposes a new filter solution well suited to the requirements of anofelecThis paper proposes a new filter solution well suited to the requirements an tronic cochlea powered by a small battery or small renewable energy source on, electronic cochlea powered by a small battery or small renewable energy source based based on, e.g., thermoelectric or electromagnetic energyenergy harvesters
Summary
Systems for effective human speech processing and recognition are of increasing practical importance. Electronic circuits that emulate the operation of a human cochlea are gaining interest in such applications The popularity of this approach comes from the belief that millions of years of evolution have led to a solution that is optimally suited for processing human speech in typical human environments. Due to practical limitations in electronic VLSI (very-large-scale integration) cochlea implementations, filter banks emulating only bandpass channels without coupling are most often used as compromise solutions [12–18]. Processing, For precise the signal processing, the frequency characteristics of biquadratic insensitive to process/voltage/temperature (PVT) variations. Result of As the aspecial areduction significant reduction inpower voltagesupply and power supply was result tuning of the methodtuning of the filter quality factor and other applied techniques, a hightechniques, robustness to PVT special method of the filter quality factor and other applied a high variations was obtained.
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