Abstract
High-performance heater films are here proposed. They manifest great applicative potentiality in the de-icing technology of aircraft and motor vehicles. The films are suitable to be integrated into composite structures for the de/anti-icing function, which can be activated if the need arises. The heating is based on the joule effect of the current flowing through the electrically conductive films. Voltage and current parameters have been set based on the generators’ capacities on-board an aircraft and a car, as well as on the energy consumption during the operating conditions and the autonomy in the time. Green processes have been employed through all preparative steps of the films, which are composed of expanded graphite (60% wt/wt) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (40% wt/wt). The results reveal a very significant influence of the aspect ratio of the filler on the heating and de-icing performance and suggest how to enhance the de-icing efficiency saving energy and adapting the current on-board aircraft/car generators for de-icing operations.
Highlights
The icing has relevant effects on the flying safety of an aircraft and the greenhouse gas emissions in the environment
Green processes have been employed through all preparative steps of the films, which are composed of expanded graphite (60% wt/wt) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (40% wt/wt)
The results reveal a very significant influence of the aspect ratio of the filler on the heating and de-icing performance and suggest how to enhance the de-icing efficiency saving energy and adapting the current on-board aircraft/car generators for de-icing operations
Summary
The icing has relevant effects on the flying safety of an aircraft and the greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. Previous studies [3,6,7,8] have suggested that the freezing start time is delayed due to the smaller solid/liquid contact area, decreasing the heat transfer from the water droplet to the cooling surface In this context, PDMS polymer, thanks to its low surface energy, seems to turn out to be a good candidate for preparing a hydrophobic surface for anti-icing applications [4,9]. Carbon nanotubes [12,13], graphite derivatives [14,15,16,17] and graphene nanoribbons [18] have become the first candidates to develop polymeric matrices or functional coatings able to confer anti/de-icing ability to polymeric systems Their introduction allowed enhancing the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties [19,20,21].
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