Abstract
Background/Aims: A variety of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), including the metabolic syndrome, were recently reported. It has been suggested that a low urine pH is another characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. However, the relationship between urine pH and CKD remains to be elucidated. Methods: A cohort study was performed on 1,811 subjects who underwent a health check-up, and we examined whether low urine pH could be a predictor of CKD. The following risk factors for CKD were evaluated: age, gender, history of alcohol intake and smoking, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, total leukocyte count, CKD stage, fasting urine pH, and protein at baseline. Results: We followed 1,811 subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. Three hundred and thirty-nine subjects developed stage 3 CKD defined as progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Multiple Cox regression analysis revealed that the adjusted HR (95% CI) for stage 3 CKD was 1.32 (1.06–1.65; p = 0.0129) in subjects with fasting urine pH 5.0–5.5 compared to subjects with pH 6.5–7.0. Conclusion: Our study suggests that low urine pH is an independent predictor of stage 3 CKD.
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