Abstract
Conjugated polymers have emerged as ideal organic laser materials for the excellent optoelectrical properties and facile processability. During a typical lasing process, resonator configurations with specific geometry are essential to provide optical feedback and then amplified light. Herein, we summarized the geometry and working mechanism of several typical resonator configurations formed with conjugated polymers. Meanwhile, recent advances in fabrication techniques and lasing performance are also discussed to provide new ideas for the design and optimization of microcavity geometries. Followed by the advances of practical applications in fields of laser sensing, bioimaging, and laser illumination/display, we make a summary of the existing bottlenecks and future perspectives of electrically driven organic lasers toward laser display and illumination.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONLasers have led to great revolution in technology and industrial fields because of their unique and excellent properties, including high intensity, good monochromaticity, directionality, and strong coherence
In addition to the optical source, some conjugated polymers can be electrically pumped to emit bright fluorescence and laser (Rothe et al, 2006), which greatly broaden their practical foreground in optical sensing and electrically driven laser display
We summarize the recent advances of conjugated polymers emitting low-threshold organic lasers with focus on the resonator configurations and patterning strategies involved, and typical applications of organic microlasers in biological/chemical sensing and organic laser display are discussed
Summary
Lasers have led to great revolution in technology and industrial fields because of their unique and excellent properties, including high intensity, good monochromaticity, directionality, and strong coherence. Lasers with low pumping thresholds hold promising applications in the display and lighting industry for their high brightness and monochromaticity that contribute to the highly vivid colors (Chellappan et al, 2010). Both inorganic emitter materials and organic gain materials were well applied in the generation of lasers. The former materials, mostly inorganic semiconductors, generally have stable properties but inherent brittleness, requiring sophisticated processing techniques and costly configurations. It has been found that various organic materials had high optical gain property and could be used as laser gain media, including some small organic dyes and conjugated polymers (Kuehne and Gather, 2016). Organic-conjugated polymer is an attractive gain material because of the excellent optoelectronic property and structural processability for device fabrication (Amarasinghe et al, 2009).
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