Abstract
In this work, we present a platform for testing the device performance of a cavity–emitter system, using an ensemble of emitters and a tapered optical fiber. This method provides high-contrast spectra of the cavity modes, selective detection of emitters coupled to the cavity and an estimate of the device performance in the single-emitter case. Using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and a GaP optical microcavity, we are able to tune the cavity onto the NV resonance at 10 K, couple the cavity-coupled emission to a tapered fiber and measure the fiber-coupled NV spontaneous emission decay. Theoretically, we show that the fiber-coupled average Purcell factor is 2–3 times greater than that of free-space collection, although due to ensemble averaging it is still a factor of 3 less than the Purcell factor of a single, ideally placed center.
Highlights
In this work, we present a platform for testing the device performance of a cavity–emitter system, using an ensemble of emitters and a tapered optical fiber
In addition to cavity–dipole coupling, the cavity mode must be efficiently coupled to a useful input/output mode
We focus on coupling of an ensemble of near-surface NV− centers in singlecrystal diamond to GaP micro-cavities fabricated through photolithographic and dry-etching techniques. We show that it is possible using a tapered fiber to collect emission preferentially from centers that are coupled to the cavity [22, 23]
Summary
The tested devices consisted of a GaP microcavity on the top of a diamond pedestal with an ensemble of NVs near the diamond surface (figure 1(a)). The maximum NV density due to this process is 2 × 1015 cm−3 based on electron irradiation studies aimed at maximizing the NV− yield in similar CVD material [25] These NVs are located within the first 200 nm of the surface [26] and have a maximum sheet density of ∼4 × 1010 cm−2. The devices were etched in an oxygen RIE plasma to create a 600 nm diamond pedestal beneath the GaP discs. This pedestal improves the lateral confinement of the cavity modes, decreasing radiation loss into the diamond substrate [28]. Due to inhomogeneous broadening of the NV line, 10% of these NVs will be in resonance with the cavity mode
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