Abstract
Abstract In this chapter low temperature surface hardening by nitriding and carburising of austenitic stainless steel is described. A historical evolution of surface hardening of austenitic stainless steel from a carburising corrosion phenomenon in liquid sodium and from plasma-based nitrogen incorporation is presented. The development of gaseous processes enabled a systematic investigation of the crystallography, thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics in nitrogen and carbon stabilised expanded austenite brought about by dissolving large amounts of nitrogen and carbon in stainless steel. Finally, the thermal stability of expanded austenite is discussed. The chapter addresses the fundamentals which will be elaborated upon in the following chapters.
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