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Abstract
AbstractThe timing of the germination of seeds is highly responsive to inputs from the environment. Temperature plays a key role in the control of germination, with low temperatures acting to stimulate this developmental transition in many species. InArabidopsis, extensive gene expression changes have been reported at the whole seed level in response to cold, while much less is known about their spatial distribution across the diverse cell types of the embryo. In this study we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of promoter activity and protein abundance for key gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) factors which regulate the decision to germinate both during a time course of germination and in response to cold. Low temperature stimulated the spatial relocalization of these factors to the vasculature. The response of these seeds to dormancy-breaking stratification treatments therefore stimulates the distribution of both positive (GA) and negatively acting (ABA) components to this same cell type. This altered spatial pattern persisted following the transfer of seeds to 22°C, as well as after their rehydration, indicating that this alteration is persistent. These observations suggest that the vasculature plays a role in the low temperature-mediated stimulation of germination in this species, while novel cell types are recruited to promote germination in response to stratification.
Highlights
Seeds enable plants to move through both time and space, determining where and when plants are established (Koornneef et al, 2002)
The impact of cold treatment on the speed of germination in Arabidopsis seeds was investigated by imbibing seeds in the dark at 4°C for 3 days
Seeds were transferred to 22°C in the light for 12 h before being dried, reimbibed. This protocol was selected based on its inclusion of a low temperature treatment and increase in the speed at which Arabidopsis seeds germinate (Sano et al, 2017)
Summary
Seeds enable plants to move through both time and space, determining where and when plants are established (Koornneef et al, 2002). The hormone balance theory which describes this relationship provides a molecular thresholding mechanism by which the development state of seeds is defined (Karssen and Lacka, 1986). Biosynthetic (Olszewski et al, 2002; Seo and Koshiba, 2002) and signalling pathways for ABA (Park et al, 2009) and GA (Lee et al, 2002; Murase et al, 2008) have been identified, enabling the mechanistic regulation of the molecular agents which control dormancy and germination to be investigated
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