Abstract
Heteroatom doping of carbon dots (CDs) can efficiently tune the structure of electronic energy levels and modulate the photochemical properties of CDs. However, the reported synthesis routes of heteroatom-doped CDs are complicated and rigorous. Herein, a simple and rapid low-temperature heating strategy was applied to synthesize fluorescent nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped CDs (N,P-CDs) using sucrose as carbon source, and 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA) and phosphoric acid as dopants, respectively. These N,P-CDs exhibit excellent fluorescent stability over wide pH range solutions (4–11), ultrahigh ion strength (3 M KCl), and longtime UV light irradiation (3 h continuously), which makes these N,P-QDs promising good candidates for fluorescent probes. These N,P-CDs showed excellent biocompatibility, multicolor cellular imaging, and non-cytotoxicity to human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells even at 500 μg/mL levels for 48 h incubation. These N,P-CDs exhibited a strong blue emission and a sensitive response to hemoglobin. The N,P-CDs based fluorescent probe was then applied to sensitively determine hemoglobin with a detection limit of 0.29 nM. Notably, it was also applied for label-free detection of hemoglobin in human urine samples and human blood samples, which indicated its potential applications in clinical diagnosis and other biologically related study.
Published Version
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