Abstract
In design optimization of high performance electric machines where the power density is increasingly a key metric, it is often desirable to maximize the average torque output within a given volume. However, if a smooth output is also required, the torque ripple may become a hurdle as it tends to increase with the average torque for conventional windings. A direct benefit of low space harmonic content windings (LSHWs), featuring the suppression or elimination of targeted non-working orders in the winding magnetomotive force (MMF), is the torque ripple reduction. This paper provides a detailed analysis of torque ripple pairs and the space-time harmonic order mapping, with concise results that applies to both distributed windings and fractionalslot concentrated windings (FSCWs) of any slot/pole combination. Metamodel-based optimizations are performed to compare two LSHWs with a conventional winding. Improved Pareto fronts are validated, which confirms higher torque producing capabilities at various torque ripple thresholds for LSHWs.
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