Abstract

BackgroundVisceral fat accumulation is caused by over-nutrition and physical inactivity. Excess accumulation of visceral fat associates with atherosclerosis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have an important role in human nutrition, but imbalance of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially low eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) / arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated the correlation between EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), AA parameters and clinical features in male subjects.FindingsThe study subjects were 134 Japanese with diabetes, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia who underwent measurement of visceral fat area (eVFA) by the bioelectrical impedance method and serum levels of EPA, DHA and AA. EPA/AA ratio correlated positively with age, and negatively with waist circumference and eVFA. Stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that age and eVFA correlated significantly and independently with serum EPA/AA ratio. Serum EPA/AA ratio, but not serum DHA/AA and (EPA+DHA)/AA ratios, was significantly lower in subjects with eVFA ≥100 cm2, compared to those with eVFA <100 cm2 (p=0.049). Subjects with eVFA ≥100 cm2 were significantly more likely to have the metabolic syndrome and history of cardiovascular diseases, compared to those with eVFA <100 cm2 (p<0.001, p=0.028, respectively).ConclusionsImbalance of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (low serum EPA/AA ratio) correlated with visceral fat accumulation in male subjects.Clinical trial registration numberUMIN000002271

Highlights

  • Visceral fat accumulation is caused by over-nutrition and physical inactivity

  • The present study investigated the correlation between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid

  • The following were the major findings of the present study: 1) stepwise analysis demonstrated that age and Estimated visceral fat area (eVFA) correlated significantly and independently with serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, and 2) Subjects with eVFA ≥100 cm2 had lower serum EPA/AA ratio and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome and history of coronary artery diseases (CAD), compared to those with eVFA

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Summary

Introduction

Visceral fat accumulation is caused by over-nutrition and physical inactivity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have an important role in human nutrition, but imbalance of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially low eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) / arachidonic acid (AA) ratio, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Especially excess accumulation of visceral fat, is upstream of obesity-related disorders including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [1]. Visceral fat accumulation represents positive energy balance, conditioned by genetic and environmental factors, such as high-fat and/or high sucrose diet, physical inactivity, sleep-disorders, and mental stress [1]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have an important role in human diet, both in the prevention and treatment of pathologies [2,3]. Previous studies reported that an imbalance of dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially low omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

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