Abstract
Perovskite based solar cells have demonstrated impressive performances. Controlled environment synthesis and expensive hole transport material impede their potential commercialization. We report ambient air synthesis of hole transport layer free devices using ZnO-GO as electron selective contacts. Solar cells fabricated with hole transport layer free architecture under ambient air conditions with ZnO as electron selective contact achieved an efficiency of 3.02%. We have demonstrated that by incorporating GO in ZnO matrix, low resistivity electron selective contacts, critical to improve the performance, can be achieved. We could achieve max efficiency of 4.52% with our completed devices for ZnO: GO composite. Impedance spectroscopy confirmed the decrease in series resistance and an increase in recombination resistance with inclusion of GO in ZnO matrix. Effect of temperature on completed devices was investigated by recording impedance spectra at 40 and 60 oC, providing indirect evidence of the performance of solar cells at elevated temperatures.
Highlights
From Kyoto to COP21, it has been two decades and we are increasingly becoming aware of the effect that fossil fuels have had on our environment
We report ambient air synthesis of hole transport layer free devices using ZnO-GO as electron selective contacts
Solar cells fabricated with hole transport layer free architecture under ambient air conditions with ZnO as electron selective contact achieved an efficiency of 3.02%
Summary
From Kyoto to COP21, it has been two decades and we are increasingly becoming aware of the effect that fossil fuels have had on our environment. Though the material has been around for quite some time, it was only recently that its photovoltaic performance was demonstrated. Form those initial reports, it has grown tremendously with each passing day on the back of intense research efforts with a certified efficiency of 20.1%.1. Properties too good to be true for photovoltaic performance; these materials have demonstrated all of them. Long diffusion lengths, low excitons binding energies, earth abundant materials and a facile solution processing are all the right ingredients for the generation photovoltaic revolution.[2,3] Mesoporous,[4] mesosuperstructured[2] and planner geometries[5] have been investigated yielding comparable performances in each geometry. Synthesis routes evolved from one step solution processing[10] to two step sequential deposition,[11]
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