Abstract
Achieving ubiquitous ultra-reliable low latency consensus in centralized wireless communication systems can be costly and hard to scale up. The consensus mechanism, which has been widely utilized in distributed systems, can provide fault tolerance to the critical consensus, even though the individual communication link reliability is relatively low. In this article, a widely used consensus mechanism, Raft, is introduced to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to achieve ultra-reliable and low latency consensus, where the consensus reliability performance in terms of nodes number and link transmission reliability is investigated. We propose a new concept, Reliability Gain, to show the linear relationship between consensus reliability and communication link transmission reliability. We also find that the time latency of consensus is contradictory to consensus reliability. These conclusions can provide guides to deploy Raft protocol in distributed IIoT systems.
Highlights
D RIVEN by advances in the fifth generation (5G) mobile network, industry 4.0, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, etc., the Internet of Things (IoT) is extending from home and work environments to missing critical industrial sectors such as transportation, public infrastructure and utilities [1]
In Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems, data may be collected from distributed sensors located in different places to determine common and critical real-time decisions for achieving cooperative tasks among the connected components
A wireless communication model, which aims to analyze the packet error probability of the wireless short package transmissions in Ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) [10], is used to find out the relationship between consensus success rate PC and the consensus latency T, which we assume it is caused by downlink and uplink transmission delay, i.e., Raft consensus latency T only composes of communication transmission delay to show the communication impacts on the overall consensus latency
Summary
D RIVEN by advances in the fifth generation (5G) mobile network, industry 4.0, cloud computing and artificial intelligence, etc., the Internet of Things (IoT) is extending from home and work environments to missing critical industrial sectors such as transportation, public infrastructure and utilities [1]. The initiative has to be consented by other vehicles in proximity through a safe and secure consensus protocol since any nonalignment among the vehicles may cause a disaster In such a distributed IIoT system, communication plays a pivotal role in the information exchange among the connected components. This article discusses how to use Raft to achieve highly reliable consensus for mission critical distributed IIoT, where the communication links can be low latency but low reliable. We first introduce a Raft CM link failure model to analyze the mathematical relationship between the communication link reliability and system decision reliability Based on this derived relationship, the letter proposes an essential concept called Reliability Gain. The derivation reveals that the consensus reliability contradicts to delay, which provides design guidance for consensus to the distributed IIoT systems
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